Tokenization is the process of replacing sensitive data with a meaningless number. There is no universal standard for tokenization in payments. The key principal is that no part of the token has any relation to the credit card or check data.  The tokens themselves are useless outside of the system for which they are designed to be used. Tokens can be created for one time use or stored for recurring.

Encryption is the conversion of data into a form that cannot be easily read by others. That which is encrypted can be decrypted.

Payment card industry data security standards (PCI DSS) do not allow credit card numbers to be stored on a retailer’s point-of-sale (POS) terminal or in its databases after a transaction, with very rare exception.  If you store card data on your servers, regardless of access limitations, you’ll have a hard time proving your company was PCI Compliant in the event of a data breach. The financial liability, and potential criminal liability, is substantial.

If PAN data (primary account/ credit card number ) is encrypted, it’s still within the merchant scope for PCI because it can be decrypted. The exception is if the merchant is using a third party that is using PCI Compliant strong encryption, and there is no ability for the merchant to decrypt the data and get back PAN’s. *

Tokenization helps merchants reduce the scope for PCI DSS compliance whenever credit card data is stored, because the merchant cannot reverse engineer to access the PAN data. Encryption can be used by the third party to protect the data in the token vault. It is not required by PCI.  When a merchant uses a token to process a transaction, the associated payment information in the vault is delivered to the processor. How and in what format? The logical and physical elements vary by provider and specific controls are secret for security reasons, but it’s a fair question to ask when considering a new provider.

The CenPOS payment platform uses both tokenization and encryption for maximum reduction of PCI scope for merchants, and for data security throughout the payment cycle. It provides the most flexibility for merchants, because they can change processors with no disruption to their business.

*Refer to PCI guidelines for further details. Official PCI Security Standards Council Site

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Is it any surprise that actual Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) assessments by Verizon’s team of Qualified Security Assessors (QSAs) shows growth of compliance is stagnant? Even worse, organizations that suffered data breaches were much less likely to be compliant than a normal population of PCI clients? About 20 percent of organizations passed less than half of the DSS requirements, while 60 percent scored above the 80 percent mark. For all those merchants sounding off about an annual PCI Compliance Fee, the evidence is clear that merchants still have a long ways to go. 100% PCI DSS compliance is the only acceptable statistic.

Organizations struggled most with the following PCI requirements:

• 3 (protect stored cardholder data)
• 10 (track and monitor access)
• 11 (regularly test systems and processes)
• 12 (maintain security policies)

The first two of these can easily be resolved with our hosted payment processing technology, CenPOS. If you’re going to store cardholder data, it needs to be encrypted. One of the major problems with this has been ready access to solutions for storing cardholder data for variable billing. Most gateways have a PCI Compliant solution to store encrypted card data for recurring billing,  charging the same amount on a fixed schedule. However, CenPOS is unique to offer storing card data for billing a variable amount, token billing. Additionally, it is the only technology this writer is aware of that also includes interchange optimization, of major importance to companies trying to control credit card processing fees.

Requirement 10 (Tracking and Monitoring) is a major component of CenPOS. Every user has a unique login and management can micro manage permissions. Where others create a few tiered levels of permission such as cashier, finance, and administrator, CenPOS offers a plethora of options, plus management tracking and research tools.

• User Permissions: Control precise transaction types allowed, set maximum thresholds, set alerts based on responses, amounts and other criteria. Extensive Permissions enable maximum merchant protection from lower level employees, plus there are tools for secondary oversight at the admin level to mitigate risk of high level employee fraud.
• Tracking and Monitoring: The requirement calls for the tracking and monitoring of all access to network resources and cardholder data, the main objective is to maintain system logs and have procedures that ensure proper utilization, protection, and retention. According to the Verizon Report, this has historically been one of the most challenging, but is critical to forensic investigations if needed. CenPOS logs everything related to the payments process including user ID, time stamps and every other element of interaction with the system. Merchants must have their own internal logging system for their network.

Requirement 11 (Regular Testing) had the least compliance in the Verizon report. “Organizations continue to have difficulty meeting the sub-requirements regarding network vulnerability scanning (11.2), penetration testing (11.3), and file integrity monitoring (11.5).”  Our recommendation is that merchants hire a qualified outside vendor to assist them with this requirement. We have no direct affiliation with such companies but know several with good reputations should you need a resource.

Requirement 12 (Security Policies) While the best laid written plans may exist, there is still the human factor. Weaknesses identified include poorly written policies, including so long that they are stuffed in a desk never to be read again, and those that are too vague. Note that the requirements are directly related to the services in scope of the organization’s PCI DSS. The more the merchant reduces their scope, the more the burden is on their service provider instead of their internal personnel. CenPOS reduces the merchant scope in several ways, including but not limited to:

• Web payments on a hosted pay page, not the merchants web page
• Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment- same as above.
• Storing all card data, encrypted, on CenPOS servers, eliminating file drawer and merchant stored data

Learn more about how CenPOS can help you with PCI DSS Compliance.

 

 

 

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Does your company record calls for quality assurance or other purposes? The PCI Security Standards Council has issued supplemental guidelines “Protecting Telephone-based Payment Card Data” for you to maintain PCI DSS ( Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards) compliance. The intent is to provide supplemental guidance, and does not replace or supersede PCI DSS requirements.
Why Telephone Card Payment Security is Important
In face-to-face and e-commerce environments, risk-mitigating technologies have helped significantly reduce fraud rates, resulting in a shift of card fraud towards the Mail Order / Telephone Order (MOTO) space. Additionally, a number of regulatory bodies are requiring some companies to record and store telephone conversations in a range of situations. The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), however, stipulates that the three-digit or four-digit card verification code or value printed on the card (CVV2, CVC2, CID, or CAV2) cannot be retained after authorization, and full primary account numbers (PANs) cannot be kept without further protection measures.

As such, there is a risk that organizations taking customer payment card details over the telephone may be recording the full cardholder details to comply with various regulatory bodies, thereby causing them to be in contravention of PCI DSS requirements and potentially exposing cardholder data to unnecessary risk.

Recap: The PCI SSC FAQ
PCI SSC FAQ 5362 – Are audio/voice recordings containing cardholder data and/or sensitive authentication data included in the scope of PCI DSS?
This response is intended to provide clarification for call centers that record cardholder data in audio recordings, and applies only to the storage of card validation codes and values (referred to as CAV2, CVC2, CVV2 or CID codes by the payment brands).
It is a violation of PCI DSS Requirement 3.2 to store any sensitive authentication data, including card validation codes and values, after authorization even if encrypted.
It is therefore prohibited to use any form of digital audio recording (using formats such as WAV, MP3, etc.) for storing CAV2, CVC2, CVV2 or CID codes after authorization if that data can be queried; recognizing that multiple tools exist that potentially could query a variety of digital recordings.
Where technology exists to prevent recording of these data elements, such technology should be enabled. If these recordings cannot be data-mined, storage of CAV2, CVC2, CVV2 or CID codes after authorization may be permissible as long as appropriate validation has been performed. This includes the physical and logical protections defined in PCI DSS that must still be applied to these call-recording formats.

Note: Encrypting sensitive authentication data is not by itself sufficient to render the data non-queriable.
For data to be considered “non-queriable” it must not be feasible for general users of the system or malicious users that gain access to the system to retrieve or access the data. Access to the types of functions listed above must be extremely limited, explicitly authorized, documented, and actively monitored. Additionally, controls must be in place to prevent unauthorized access to these functions.
Other methods that may help to render SAD non-queriable include but are not limited to: a. Removing call recordings from the call recording solution b.    Taking the call recordings offline c.    Vaulting the call recordings d.    Enforcing dual access controls to the vaulted call recordings e.    Allowing only single call recordings to be retrieved from vaults

Before considering this option, every possible effort must first be made to eliminate sensitive authentication data. In general, no cardholder data should ever be stored unless it is necessary to meet the needs of the business. There must be a documented, legitimate reason why sensitive authentication data cannot be eliminated (for example, a legislative or regulatory obligation), and a comprehensive risk assessment performed at least annually. The detailed justification and risk assessment results must be made available to the acquiring bank and/or payment card brand as applicable. This option is a last resort only, and the desired outcome is always the elimination of all sensitive authentication data after authorization.    If technologies are available to fulfil PCI DSS requirements without contravening government laws and regulations, these technologies should be used.

The PCI Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) is not responsible for enforcing compliance or determining whether a particular implementation is compliant. It is the primary recommended source for all merchants to obtain current PCI DSS information.

Download the complete report here
PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) Protecting Telephone-based Payment Card Data

In this first article of a series we explore insider theft, related to data breaches,  based on key elements of the Verizon 2011 data breach report.  The number of 2010 data breaches exploded in companies with 11 to 100 employees. A key commonality is simply the opportunity was there.

The 2011 Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR) is a study conducted by the Verizon RISK team in cooperation with the U.S. Secret Service and the Dutch High Tech Crime Unit.

Who is behind the data breaches?

• 92% external agents
• 17% implicated insiders
• < 1% business partners
• 9% involved multiple parties

How do breaches occur? ?

• 50% involved some sort of hacking
• 49% incorporated malware
• 29% physical attacks
• 17% from privilege misuse
• 11% employe social tactics

What commonalities exist?

• 83% were victims of opportunity
• 92% were not difficult
• 76% of all data was compromised from servers
• 86% discovered by a third party
• 96% were avoidable through simple or intermediate controls
• 89% of victims subject to PCI-DSS had not achieved compliance

End of excerpt. Continue reading for blog author comments.

A healthcare company stores credit card data on servers, unencrpyted. Their excuse? It’s not connected to the actual credit card processing and access is restricted so it’s not a PCI Compliance problem.  See related article Shocking lack of payment processing security in healthcare industry. No data breach yet, but statistically, the company is at great financial risk, including up to  $1.5 million fine for violating the HITECH ACT.

Employees at a car dealer tape passwords next to their computer and in the first unlocked drawer of their desk. Their excuse?  It’s too hard to remember the password and they don’t acknowledge it’s a security issue.

Employees at a retail rental shop have a file folder in plain view of anyone entering the shop containing copies of drivers licenses and the front and back of credit cards. Their excuse? They didn’t know they couldn’t do it and didn’t know of an alternative method that would meet their needs to bill customers if they never returned with the goods.

Think these are exceptions? Businesses everywhere have these problems in some fashion. As each of these examples illustrate,  employee training is essential. Industry wide, merchants are completing  PCI Compliance Security Standards data worksheets. At that point in time, the merchant can be certified PCI Compliant. But without internal enforcement and training, the merchant is generally not compliant when a data breach occurs and thus is fully liable for all the associated fines, fees and damages.

In conclusion, the establishment of training procedures and distribution of data security expectations to employees is essential. Most employees are honest, right? But when companies have lax security policies, it presents an OPPORTUNITY for good employees to break the law.

Here’s three things you can do to mitigate internal employee risk:

1. Create a data security training checklist for all employees handling sensitive data. Update the training and content quarterly or at least once per year. The employee cannot accept credit cards or any sensitive data until they’ve completed training, plus sign and date the checklist.
2. Make data security a formal part of employee performance reviews. Require annual checklist review and signature at the time of performance reviews.
3. Implement a reward system for identifying vulnerabilities of real life practices- whether people, software, or hardware.

Bonus: Implement a hosted payment processing solution with extensive tools to prevent internal fraud. Call for information.

Cyber Criminals Shifting to Smaller, More Opportunistic Attacks; External Attacks, Especially Hacking, on Rise

April 19, 2011

NEW YORK – Data loss through cyber attacks decreased sharply in 2010, but the total number of breaches was higher than ever, according to the “Verizon 2011 Data Breach Investigations Report.” These findings continue to demonstrate that businesses and consumers must remain vigilant in implementing and maintaining security practices.

The number of compromised records involved in data breaches investigated by Verizon and the U.S. Secret Service dropped from 144 million in 2009 to only 4 million in 2010, representing the lowest volume of data loss since the report’s launch in 2008. Yet this year’s report covers approximately 760 data breaches, the largest caseload to date.

According to the report, the seeming contradiction between the low data loss and the high number of breaches likely stems from a significant decline in large-scale breaches, caused by a change in tactics by cybercriminals. They are engaging in small, opportunistic attacks rather than large-scale, difficult attacks and are using relatively unsophisticated methods to successfully penetrate organizations. For example, only 3 percent of breaches were considered unavoidable without extremely difficult or expensive corrective action.

The report also found that outsiders are responsible for 92 percent of breaches, a significant increase from the 2010 findings. Although the percentage of insider attacks decreased significantly over the previous year (16 percent versus 49 percent), this is largely due to the huge increase in smaller external attacks. As a result, the total number of insider attacks actually remained relatively constant.

Hacking (50 percent) and malware (49 percent) were the most prominent types of attack, with many of those attacks involving weak or stolen credentials and passwords. For the first time, physical attacks — such as compromising ATMs –appeared as one of the three most common ways to steal information, and constituted 29 percent of all cases investigated.

For the second year in a row, the U.S. Secret Service collaborated with Verizon in preparing the report. In addition, the National High Tech Crime Unit of the Netherlands Policy Agency (KLPD) joined the team this year, allowing Verizon to provide more insight into cases originating in Europe. Approximately one-third of Verizon’s cases originated in either Europe or the Asia-Pacific region, reflecting the global nature of data breaches.

“Through our Data Breach Investigations Report series, Verizon continues to provide the industry with a first-hand look at cybercrime around the globe,” said Peter Tippett, Verizon’s vice president of security and industry solutions. “This year, we witnessed highly automated and prolific external attacks, low and slow attacks, intricate internal fraud rings, countrywide device-tampering schemes, cunning social engineering plots and more. And yet, at the end of day, we found once again that the vast majority of breaches can be avoided without extremely difficult, expensive security measures.”

Tippett added: “It is important to remember that data breaches can happen to any business — regardless of size or industry — or consumer, at any place in the world. A good offense remains the best defense. It is imperative to implement essential security measures broadly throughout your security infrastructure, whether that is a small home setup or an expansive enterprise infrastructure.”

U.S. Secret Service Assistant Director A.T. Smith said, “Americans over the past several years have seen the significant impacts data breaches are having on our nation’s financial infrastructure. Today cyber criminals are operating in nearly every civilized nation in the world, exposing Americans’ personal information, either stored or transmitted, to substantial risk.”

Smith added, “By participating in the Verizon 2011 Data Breach Investigations Report, the Secret Service is working closely with our private-sector partners to educate Americans about the threats of cyber criminals. With the help of our Electronic Crimes Task Force partners, such as Verizon, we are studying technologies and trends to prevent and mitigate attacks against critical financial infrastructure.”

The Data Breach Investigation Report (DBIR) series now spans seven years and more than 1,700 breaches involving more than 900 million compromised records, making it the most comprehensive study of its kind.

(NOTE: Additional resources supporting the 2011 Data Breach Investigations Report are available, including high-resolution charts and an audio podcast. B-roll available upon request.)

Key Findings of the 2011 Report

Data from the 2011 report shows that:

• Large-scale breaches dropped dramatically while small attacks increased. The report notes there are several possible reasons for this trend, including the fact that small to medium-sized businesses represent prime attack targets for many hackers, who favor highly automated, repeatable attacks against these more vulnerable targets, possibly because criminals are opting to play it safe in light of recent arrests and prosecutions of high-profile hackers.
• Outsiders are responsible for most data breaches. Ninety-two percent of data breaches were caused by external sources. Contrary to the malicious-employee stereotype, insiders were responsible for only 16 percent of attacks. Partner-related attacks continued to decline, and business partners accounted for less than 1 percent of breaches.
• Physical attacks are on the rise. After doubling as a percentage of all breaches in 2009, attacks involving physical actions doubled again in 2010, and included manipulating common credit-card devices such as ATMs, gas pumps and point-of-sale terminals. The data indicates that organized crime groups are responsible for most of these card-skimming schemes.
• Hacking and malware is the most popular attack method. Malware was a factor in about half of the 2010 caseload and was responsible for almost 80 percent of lost data. The most common kinds of malware found in the caseload were those involving sending data to an external entity, opening backdoors, and keylogger functionalities.
• Stolen passwords and credentials are out of control. Ineffective, weak or stolen credentials continue to wreak havoc on enterprise security. Failure to change default credentials remains an issue, particularly in the financial services, retail and hospitality industries.

Recommendations for Enterprises

The 2011 report found again that the prescription for data breaches is to use simple, essential security practices such as:

• Focus on essential controls. Many enterprises make the mistake of pursuing exceptionally high security in certain areas while almost completely neglecting others. Businesses are much better protected if they implement essential controls across the entire organization without exception.
• Eliminate unnecessary data. If you do not need it, do not keep it. For data that must be kept, identify, monitor and securely store it.
• Secure remote access services. Restrict these services to specific IP addresses and networks, minimizing public access to them. Also, ensure that your enterprise is limiting access to sensitive information within the network.
• Audit user accounts and monitor users with privileged identity. The best approach is to trust users but monitor them through pre-employment screening, limiting user privileges and using separation of duties. Managers should provide direction, as well as supervise employees to ensure they are following security policies and procedures.
• Monitor and mine event logs. Focus on the obvious issues that logs pick up, not the minutia. Reducing the compromise-to-discovery timeframe from weeks and months to days can pay huge dividends.
• Be aware of physical security assets. Pay close attention to payment card input devices, such as ATMs and gas pumps, for tampering and manipulation.

A complete copy of the “Data Breach Investigations Report” is available for download.

About Verizon
Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE, NASDAQ:VZ), headquartered in New York, is a global leader in delivering broadband and other wireless and wireline communications services to mass market, business, government and wholesale customers. Verizon Wireless operates America’s most reliable wireless network, serving 94.1 million customers nationwide. Verizon also provides converged communications, information and entertainment services over America’s most advanced fiber-optic network, and delivers innovative, seamless business solutions to customers around the world. A Dow 30 company, Verizon employs a diverse workforce of more than 194,000 and last year generated consolidated revenues of $106.6 billion. For more information, visit www.verizon.com.

Nearly all the medical bills I see now have an option to pay with a credit card. These forms also request the security code (CVV, CVV2) on the form. Should merchants ask for it? Is it legal? Is it safe? What are they doing with these forms?  I’m personally not writing down my 3 digit security code on any form and returning that through the mail.

Should medical billing companies ask for the card security code on mail response forms?  NO. The CVV is not needed for interchange qualification; it has zero impact on your processing costs. It is used to protect against fraud, especially cloned credit cards. If the customer has already used their card to swipe, the CVV is no longer needed for rebilling. But that’s not something the biller knows.

According to Visa’s Ecommerce Risk Management Guide dated December 2009, for information security purposes, all merchants are prohibited from storing Card Verification Value 2 (CVV2). Per Visa’s Data Security Tips, “Do not store the three-digit number on the back of Visa payment cards (CVV2) in any format. Do not request the CVV2 number on mail-order forms or billing forms. ”

Per a merchant processor RULES ON MOTO/INTERNET, You (the merchant) are prohibited from storing CVV2, CVC2, magnetic stripe track data, and AVS and PIN data. Each party will store all media containing Cardholder numbers in an area limited to selected personnel on a ‘need to know’ basis only and prior to either party discarding any material containing cardholder information, the party will destroy it in a manner rendering the Card account numbers unreadable.

MERCHANT QUESTIONS:

What if my payment processing system requires a CVV to process a credit card transaction? You need an alternative solution to input transactions. You’re required to ask for the security code on internet transactions, but not on mail order. Call and we can set you up quickly with a virtual terminal.

Tokenization is now offered for resale of variable sales amounts. Enter card data one time only via PCI Compliant interface. The system will generate a token for you. To process future transactions, enter the TOKEN instead of card data, which can never be seen again.

The card data is encrypted and is never stored on your servers or computers. The token, which is worthless to others, is your way to submit future billing requests.

Tokenization and PCI DSS (payment card industry data security standards). PCI compliance is streamlined with tokenization and our end-to-end encryption solution.

The average user will submit cardholder data via the virtual terminal RESALE function. A token is automatically generated which you then store offline. To rebill, simply submit the token in lieu of the actual card number.

TYPICAL REPEAT SALE SET UP FOR RETAIL ENVIRONMENT:

- Merchant has customer fax a standard approval form with card data.

- The paper is filed in a locked drawer with limited personnel access. CVV is never stored.

- Merchant retrieves the information and key enters the transaction on a virtual terminal or desktop terminal when they need to rebill the customer.

- Merchant prints receipt and mails or faxes to the client.

TYPICAL REPEAT SALE SET UP FOR RETAIL ENVIRONMENT WITH CENPOS AND CARD IS NOT PRESENT:

- Merchant has customer fax a standard approval form listing the last 4 digits of the card only,  an email field, and with language about opting-in to receiving email from the merchant.

- Merchant gets card data over the phone and directly enters it into the secure virtual terminal using the RESALE button.

- Merchant copies the TOKEN  generated onto the merchant approval form which is then stored, in a locked drawer with limited personnel access.

- Merchant retrieves the token and key enters the transaction details on a virtual terminal or desktop terminal when they need to rebill the customer.

- Merchant uses the automated email function to send the customer a receipt, or prints receipts the old way.

What if the customer is in the store for the first order, but then won’t be there later when you bill more? You’ll swipe the card as usual, using the resale button. The cashier will be prompted for address and other data as if the customer is not present.

The first transaction will process via your retail swipe account. The future card not present transactions will process via your MOTO account, automatically, when you key enter the transaction later. This is a significant competitive product difference from any other solution you may looked at.

1. Merchants will qualify for the best interchange rate for each type of transaction, thereby lowering costs.
2. Merchants will meet the card association requirements for proper presentment to reduce risk of chargebacks from disputes. (Different rules apply about data submitted and signatures on swipe vs moto.)
3. Both transactions will be in a fully PCI Compliant environment, reducing risk of liability from improperly protecting card data.
4. Cashiers are removed from any decision making that can affect your rate qualification in every transaction. The system will automatically prompt for data needed based on transaction parameters.
5. Best of all, no terminal progamming updates! The hosted solution is always current and any terminal connected is simply a slave of the system.

Because they have no meaning by themselves, tokens or aliases are useless to criminals if your customer hard copy files were compromised. Per the PCI DSS standards for your organization, you’ll need to have your workstations scanned that you enter transaction on.

Ideal solution for any B2B companies with corporate customers. Sign up for RSS for more details on this feature. For a demo, call the hotline at the top of this web page.

Related articles: Can you store track data and be PCI Compliant?
Storing CVV codes so you can rebill

Expanded Study Finds More Insider Threats, Greater Use of Social Engineering, Continued Strong Organized Criminal Involvement

BASKING RIDGE, N.J. – July 28, 2010 –

The 2010 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, based on a first-of-its kind collaboration with the U.S. Secret Service, has found that breaches of electronic records last year involved more insider threats, greater use of social engineering and the continued strong involvement of organized criminal groups.

The study, released Wednesday (July 28), also noted that the overall number of breaches investigated last year declined from the total for the previous year – “a promising” indication, the study said.

The report cited stolen credentials as the most common way of gaining unauthorized access into organizations in 2009, pointing once again to the importance of strong security practices both for individuals and organizations.  Organized criminal groups were responsible for 85 percent of all stolen data last year, the report said.

Verizon Business investigative experts found, as they did in the company’s prior data breach reports, that most breaches were considered avoidable if security basics had been followed.  Only 4 percent of breaches assessed required difficult and expensive protective measures.

The 2010 report concluded that being prepared remains the best defense against security breaches. For the most part, organizations still remain sluggish in detecting and responding to incidents. Most breaches (60 percent) continue to be discovered by external parties and then only after a considerable amount of time.  And while most victimized organizations have evidence of a breach in their security logs, they often overlook them due to a lack of staff, tools or processes.

The collaboration with the Secret Service, announced in May, enabled this year’s Data Breach Investigations Report to provide an expanded view of data breaches over the last six years. With the addition of Verizon’s 2009 caseload and data contributed by the Secret Service – which investigates financial crimes – the report covers 900-plus breaches involving more than 900 million compromised records.

“This year we were able to significantly widen our window into the dynamic world of data breaches, granting us an even broader and deeper perspective,” said Peter Tippett, Verizon Business vice president of technology and enterprise innovation.   “By including information from the Secret Service caseload, we are expanding both our understanding of cybercrime and our ability to stop breaches.”

Michael Merritt, Secret Service assistant director for investigations, said: “The Secret Service believes that building trusted partnerships between all levels of law enforcement, the private sector and academia has been a proven and successful model for facing the challenges of securing cyberspace.  It is through our collaborative approach with established partnerships that the Secret Service is able to help expand the collective understanding of breaches and continue to augment our advanced detection and prevention efforts.”

(NOTE: Additional resources supporting the 2010 data breach report are available, including an audio podcast, video podcast and high-resolution charts and graphs.)

Key Findings of the 2010 Report

This year’s key findings both reinforce prior conclusions and offer new insights. These include:

• Most data breaches investigated were caused by external sources. Sixty-nine percent of breaches resulted from these sources, while only 11 percent were linked to business partners.  Forty-nine percent were caused by insiders, which is an increase over previous report findings, primarily due in part to an expanded dataset and the types of cases studied by the Secret Service.
• Many breaches involved privilege misuse. Forty-eight percent of breaches were attributed to users who, for malicious purposes, abused their right to access corporate information.  An additional 40 percent of breaches were the result of hacking, while 28 percent were due to social tactics and 14 percent to physical attacks.
• Commonalities continue across breaches. As in previous years, nearly all data was breached from servers and online applications. Eight-five percent of the breaches were not considered highly difficult, and 87 percent of victims had evidence of the breach in their log files, yet missed it.
• Meeting PCI-DSS compliance still critically important. Seventy-nine percent of victims subject to the PCI-DSS standard hadn’t achieved compliance prior to the breach.

The State of Cybercrime: 2010

The report said the decline in the overall number of data breaches may be due to a number of factors, including “law enforcement’s effectiveness in capturing criminals.”  The report cited the arrest of Albert Gonzalez, one of the world’s most notorious computer hackers, who pleaded guilty to helping run a global ring that stole hundreds of millions of payment card numbers and who was sentenced last year to 20 years in prison.

“The reduction in breaches is a positive sign that we are gaining some ground in the fight against cybercrime,” said Tippett.  “As we are able to share more information through the use of the VERIS security research framework to gather comparative security data such as the caseload of the Secret Service, we believe we will be even better equipped to arm organizations with best practices, processes, tools and services that will continue to make a difference.”

Data breaches continue to occur within all types of organizations. Financial services, hospitality and retail still comprise the “Big Three” of industries affected (33 percent, 23 percent and 15 percent, respectively) in the merged Verizon-Secret Service dataset, though tech services edged out retail in Verizon’s caseload.  A growing percentage of cases and an astounding 94 percent of all compromised records in 2009 were attributable to financial services.

More than half of the breaches investigated by Verizon in 2009 occurred outside the U.S., while the bulk of the breaches investigated by the Secret Service occurred in the U.S.  The report finds no correlation between an organization’s size and its chances of suffering a data breach.

“Thieves are more likely to select targets based on the perceived value of the data and cost of attack than victim characteristics such as size,” Verizon researchers noted.

Recommendations for Enterprises

The 2010 study once again shows that simple actions, when done diligently and continually, can reap big benefits. These actions include:

• Restrict and monitor privileged users. The data from the Secret Service showed that there were more insider breaches than ever before. Insiders, especially highly privileged ones, can be difficult to control. The best strategies are to trust but verify by using pre-employment screening; limit user privileges; and employ separation of duties. Privileged use should be logged and messages detailing activity generated to management.
• Watch for ‘Minor’ Policy Violations. The study finds a correlation between seemingly minor policy violations and more serious abuse. This suggests that organizations should be wary of and adequately respond to all violations of an organization’s policies.  Based on case data, the presence of illegal content on user systems or other inappropriate behavior is a reasonable indicator of a future breach. Actively searching for such indicators may prove even more effective.
• Implement Measures to Thwart Stolen Credentials. Keeping credential-capturing malware off systems is priority No. 1. Consider two-factor authentication where appropriate. If possible, implement time-of-use rules, IP blacklisting and restricting administrative connections.
• Monitor and Filter  Outbound Traffic. At some point during the sequence of events in many breaches, something (data, communications, connections) goes out externally via an organization’s network that, if prevented, could break the chain and stop the breach. By monitoring, understanding and controlling outbound traffic, an organization can greatly increase its chances of mitigating malicious activity.
• Change Your Approach to Event Monitoring and Log Analysis. Almost all victims have evidence of the breach in their logs. It doesn’t take much to figure out that something is amiss and make needed changes.  Organizations should make time to review more thoroughly batch-processed data and analysis of logs. Make sure there are enough people, adequate tools and sufficient processes in place to recognize and respond to anomalies.
• Share Incident Information. An organization’s ability to fully protect itself is based on the information available to do so.  Verizon believes the availability and sharing of information are crucial in the fight against cybercrime.  We commend all those organizations that take part in this effort, through such data-sharing programs as the Verizon VERIS Framework.A complete copy of the “2010 Data Breach Investigations Report” is available at http://www.verizonbusiness.com/go/2010databreachreport/.

About the United States Secret Service
Well known for protecting the nation’s leaders, the U.S. Secret Service also is responsible for protecting America’s financial infrastructure.  The Secret Service has taken a lead role in mitigating the threat of financial crimes since the agency’s inception in 1865.  As technology has evolved, the scope of the U.S. Secret Service’s mission has expanded from its original counterfeit currency investigations to also include emerging financial crimes.   As a component agency within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Secret Service has established successful partnerships in both the law enforcement and business communities – across the country and around the world – in order to effectively combat financial crimes.

About Verizon Business
Verizon Business, a unit of Verizon Communications (NYSE, NASDAQ: VZ), is a global leader in communications and IT solutions. We combine professional expertise with one of the world’s most connected IP networks to deliver award-winning communications, IT, information security and network solutions.  We securely connect today’s extended enterprises of widespread and mobile customers, partners, suppliers and employees – enabling them to increase productivity and efficiency and help preserve the environment.  Many of the world’s largest businesses and governments – including 96 percent of the Fortune 1000 and thousands of government agencies and educational institutions – rely on our professional and managed services and network technologies to accelerate their business. Find out more at www.verizonbusiness.com.