Prepaid cards issued by banks and other government-regulated organizations are a new way for consumers to make payments and conduct other financial transactions. There are plenty of situations where a prepaid card might be the most convenient choice, but be sure you understand the key terms and conditions BEFORE you buy. Ask these questions when you are considering a prepaid card:

* What are the possible fees associated with using the card?
* Where can the card be used (online, at ATMs, outside the U.S.)?

Reputable distributors of prepaid cards will give you the terms and conditions in writing or have them available on their website. If you don’t understand how your card works, ask for help where you purchased it, from your employer (if it’s a payroll card), or by contacting the customer service number on the card.

Payroll and General Purpose Spending Cards

Payroll and General Purpose Spending Cards can be very useful for those who want to budget their money and for those who don’t have a checking account or credit card.

General Purpose Spending Cards, which may be purchased by consumers, typically charge a monthly maintenance fee and could charge additional fees for adding funds to the card and/or making purchases or getting cash.

Payroll Cards are similar to General Purpose Spending Cards except that they are provided by employers in place of paychecks. Payroll Cards typically allow a certain number of ATM withdrawals without charge to the cardholder and usually do not assess fees for purchases.

While the federal government does not guarantee the same protections for all prepaid cards, many “branded” cards voluntarily carry protections that are the same as credit and debit cards. Cards with a major credit card brand logo provide consumer protections, such as replacing lost or stolen cards and re-crediting money after unauthorized use of the card. To obtain these benefits, you must follow the instructions for registering and activating your card. Be sure to record your card information, including the customer service telephone number on the back of the card, so you can get a replacement if yours is lost or stolen.

If you have a problem with a prepaid card, first contact the customer service number. If the problem still isn’t resolved, you may want to file a complaint with the proper authorities:

* For cards issued by retailers, contact the FTC. You may also file a complaint with your local consumer protection office.
* For cards issued by national banks, contact the Comptroller of the Currency.

Pin debit refers to a credit card transaction in which the buyer enters their 4 digit personal identification number (PIN) into a merchant terminal in lieu of a signature, when using a debit card.

Debit cards are usually associated with a checking account, but may also be a savings account. Regardless of the account, the card will ALWAYS have the DEBIT symbol on the front of the card. Newer cards usually have a holographic Debit symbol.

With PIN DEBIT the merchant pays a fee to the debit network instead of Visa & MasterCard interchange. This fee is under $1.00 per transaction, usually around $0.50 and the fees vary by debit network.

With SIGNATURE DEBIT, Visa & MasterCard have different interchange rates for debit card usage. With very few exceptions, such as processing greater than $420 million annually in debit or for supermarkets, the lowest rate for debit card interchange, which all payment processors pass on to merchants, is 1.03% plus $0.15 per transaction. More details are available by checking the latest interchange rates.

Pin-based debit transaction merchant fees include:
1. Per transaction charge from your Credit Card Processing services company.
2. Debit network charge (Debit Network Acquirer Fee). This fee varies depending upon your region of the country and the network that the cardmember’s issuing bank belongs to. The region determines which debit network the individual transaction will clear through.

Debit network acquirer fee examples:
Interlink Retail $0.175 + .75% (max of $0.525)
NYCE Retail Std $0.1375 + .65% (max of $0.6875)
Pulse (Includes Tyme) 0.16 + .65% (max of $0.71)
STAR (Includes MAC, Cash Station & Honor) $0.1625 + .65% (max of $0.6425)

Pin debit is best used if your average transaction is over $25. That’s generally a good break even point as to whether it’s cheaper to process via pin debit or signature debit.

EMV is a standard for interoperation of IC cards (”Chip cards”) and IC capable POS terminals and ATM’s, for authenticating credit and debit card payments. The name EMV comes from the initial letters of Europay, MasterCard and VISA, the three companies which originally cooperated to develop the standard. Europay International SA was absorbed into Mastercard in 2002. JCB (formerly Japan Credit Bureau) joined the organisation in December 2004. IC card systems based on EMV are being phased in across the world, under names such as “IC Credit” and “Chip and PIN”. The EMV specification is also the basis of the Chip Authentication Program, where banks give customers hand-held card readers to perform online authenticated transactions.

The EMV standard defines the interaction at the physical, electrical, data and application levels between IC cards and IC card processing devices for financial transactions. Portions of the standard are heavily based on the IC Chip card interface defined in ISO 7816.

The system is not compatible with the original Carte Bancaire smart cards systematically deployed in France since 1992. However, the French Carte Bancaire now also uses the EMV standard.

The most widely known implementations of EMV standard are:

* VSDC - VISA
* MChip - MasterCard
* AEIPS - American Express
* J Smart - JCB

MasterCard has a Chip Authentication Program (CAP) for secure e-commerce. Its implementation is known as EMV-CAP and supports a number of Modes.

Differences and benefits of EMV

The purpose and goal of the EMV standard is to specify interoperability between EMV compliant IC cards and EMV compliant credit card payment terminals throughout the world. There are two major benefits to moving to smart card based credit card payment systems: improved security (with associated fraud reduction), and the possibility for finer control of “offline” credit card transaction approvals.
The goals and benefits of EMV:
- High level standard on terminal↔card API.
- It reduces the cost and time interval of software development (POS, ATM, HSM,…).
- The non EMV payment smart card has its own crypto protections (RSA, DES) and is based on local private standards.

EMV financial transactions are more secure against fraud than traditional credit card payments which use the data encoded in a magnetic stripe on the back of the card. This is due to the use of encryption algorithms such as DES, Triple-DES, RSA and SHA to provide authentication of the card to the processing terminal and the transaction processing center. However, processing is generally slower than an equivalent magnetic stripe transaction. This is due to cryptography overhead and time involved in messages transmissions between the card and the terminal. The increased protection from fraud has allowed banks and credit card issuers to push through a ‘liability shift’ such that merchants are now liable (as from 1 January 2005 in the EU region) for any fraud that results from transactions on systems that are not EMV capable.

Although not the only possible method, the majority of implementations of EMV cards and terminals confirm the identity of the cardholder by requiring the entry of a PIN (Personal Identification Number) rather than signing a paper receipt. Whether or not PIN authentication takes place depends upon the capabilities of the terminal and programming of the card. For more details of this (specifically, the system being implemented in the UK) see Chip and PIN. In the future, systems may be upgraded to use other authentication systems, such as biometrics, which are generally not considered economical as of 2007[update].

Control of the EMV standard

The first version of EMV standard was published in 1999. Now the standard is defined and managed by the public corporation EMVCo LLC.The current members of EMVCo are JCB International, MasterCard Worldwide, and Visa, Inc. Each of these organizations owns one third of EMVCo and has representatives in the EMVCo organization and EMVCo working groups.

Recognition of compliance with the EMV standard (i.e. device certification) is issued by EMVCo following submission of results of testing performed by an accredited testing house.

EMV Compliance testing has two levels: EMV Level 1 which covers physical, electrical and transport level interfaces, and EMV Level 2 which covers payment application selection and credit financial transaction processing.

After passing a common EMVCo tests the software must be tested to comply with EMV standard (VISA VSDC, MasterCard MChip,…).

List of EMV documents and standards

Since version 4.0, the official EMV standard documents, that define all the components in an EMV payment system, are published as four “books”:

* Book 1 - Application Independent ICC to Terminal Interface Requirement
* Book 2 - Security and Key Management
* Book 3 - Application Specification
* Book 4 - Cardholder, Attendant, and Acquirer Interface Requirements

Versions

First EMV standard came into picture in 1996-EMV ’96 Version 3.1.1 Released another version in December 2000 - EMV 2000 Version 4.0 in May 2004

Version 4.0 became effective in June 2004. Version, 4.1 became effective in June 2007. Version 4.2 was published in June 2008.

External link
* [ EMVCo], the organisation responsible for developing and maintaining the standard

Portions of the above definition provided under GNU documentation license. Copyright (c) 2008 3D Merchant Services LLC.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document ONLY
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

if your company is considering purchasing or leasing new equipment, make sure that it is EMV compliant. The hypercom T7 Plus is just one example of anEMV compliant terminal.